QR Code and Barcode Detection

API reference for detecting and decoding QR codes, barcodes, and other graphical codes.

GraphicalCodeDetector

Base class for graphical code detection and decoding.

Methods

detect

Detects graphical code in image and returns the quadrangle containing the code.

bool detect(InputArray img, OutputArray points) const

img

InputArray

Grayscale or color (BGR) image containing (or not) graphical code

points

OutputArray

Output vector of vertices of the minimum-area quadrangle containing the code

Returns: true if a code is detected

decode

Decodes graphical code once it’s found by the detect() method.

std::string decode(
    InputArray img,
    InputArray points,
    OutputArray straight_code = noArray()
) const

img

InputArray

Grayscale or color (BGR) image containing graphical code

points

InputArray

Quadrangle vertices found by detect() method

straight_code

OutputArray

Optional output image containing binarized code

Returns: UTF8-encoded output string or empty string if the code cannot be decoded

detectAndDecode

Both detects and decodes graphical code.

std::string detectAndDecode(
    InputArray img,
    OutputArray points = noArray(),
    OutputArray straight_code = noArray()
) const

img

InputArray

Grayscale or color (BGR) image containing graphical code

points

OutputArray

Optional output array of vertices of the found graphical code quadrangle

straight_code

OutputArray

Optional output image containing binarized code

Returns: Decoded string or empty string if not found

detectMulti

Detects multiple graphical codes in image.

bool detectMulti(InputArray img, OutputArray points) const

img

InputArray

Grayscale or color (BGR) image

points

OutputArray

Output vector of vector of vertices of the minimum-area quadrangles containing the codes

Returns: true if at least one code is detected

decodeMulti

Decodes multiple graphical codes.

bool decodeMulti(
    InputArray img,
    InputArray points,
    std::vector<std::string>& decoded_info,
    OutputArrayOfArrays straight_code = noArray()
) const

img

InputArray

Grayscale or color (BGR) image containing graphical codes

points

InputArray

Vector of quadrangle vertices found by detect() method

decoded_info

std::vector<std::string>&

UTF8-encoded output vector of strings or empty vector if codes cannot be decoded

straight_code

OutputArrayOfArrays

Optional output vector of images containing binarized codes

Returns: true if at least one code is decoded

detectAndDecodeMulti

Both detects and decodes multiple graphical codes.

bool detectAndDecodeMulti(
    InputArray img,
    std::vector<std::string>& decoded_info,
    OutputArray points = noArray(),
    OutputArrayOfArrays straight_code = noArray()
) const

decoded_info

std::vector<std::string>&

UTF8-encoded output vector of strings or empty vector if codes cannot be decoded

If there are QR codes encoded with Structured Append mode and all are detected and decoded correctly, the method writes the full message to the position corresponding to the 0-th code in the sequence. The rest of the QR codes from the same sequence have empty strings.

QRCodeDetector

QR code detector and decoder.

Constructor

cv::QRCodeDetector::QRCodeDetector()

Methods

setEpsX

Sets the epsilon used during horizontal scan of QR code stop marker detection.

QRCodeDetector& setEpsX(double epsX)

epsX

double

Epsilon neighborhood for determining the horizontal pattern of the scheme 1:1:3:1:1 according to QR code standard

Returns: Reference to this QRCodeDetector

setEpsY

Sets the epsilon used during vertical scan of QR code stop marker detection.

QRCodeDetector& setEpsY(double epsY)

epsY

double

Epsilon neighborhood for determining the vertical pattern of the scheme 1:1:3:1:1 according to QR code standard

Returns: Reference to this QRCodeDetector

setUseAlignmentMarkers

Enables or disables use of alignment markers to improve corner position.

QRCodeDetector& setUseAlignmentMarkers(bool useAlignmentMarkers)

useAlignmentMarkers

bool

Flag to enable alignment markers (enabled by default)

Returns: Reference to this QRCodeDetector

decodeCurved

Decodes QR code on a curved surface once found by detect().

std::string decodeCurved(
    InputArray img,
    InputArray points,
    OutputArray straight_qrcode = noArray()
)

img

InputArray

Grayscale or color (BGR) image containing QR code

points

InputArray

Quadrangle vertices found by detect() method

straight_qrcode

OutputArray

Optional output image containing rectified and binarized QR code

Returns: UTF8-encoded output string or empty string if the code cannot be decoded

detectAndDecodeCurved

Both detects and decodes QR code on a curved surface.

std::string detectAndDecodeCurved(
    InputArray img,
    OutputArray points = noArray(),
    OutputArray straight_qrcode = noArray()
)

getEncoding

Returns the encoding type for the decoded info from the latest decode call.

QRCodeEncoder::ECIEncodings getEncoding(int codeIdx = 0)

codeIdx

int

default:"0"

Index of the previously decoded QR code. For single code detection, use 0.

Returns: Encoding type (e.g., ECI_UTF8, ECI_SHIFT_JIS)

Example Usage

C++
Python

#include <opencv2/objdetect.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc.hpp>
#include <iostream>

// Create QR code detector
cv::QRCodeDetector detector;

// Detect and decode QR code
std::vector<cv::Point> points;
std::string decoded_info = detector.detectAndDecode(image, points);

if (!decoded_info.empty()) {
    std::cout << "QR Code decoded: " << decoded_info << std::endl;
    
    // Draw quadrangle around QR code
    for (size_t i = 0; i < points.size(); i++) {
        cv::line(image, points[i], points[(i+1) % points.size()], 
                cv::Scalar(0, 255, 0), 3);
    }
} else {
    std::cout << "QR Code not detected" << std::endl;
}

import cv2

# Create QR code detector
detector = cv2.QRCodeDetector()

# Detect and decode QR code
decoded_info, points, _ = detector.detectAndDecode(image)

if decoded_info:
    print(f"QR Code decoded: {decoded_info}")
    
    # Draw quadrangle around QR code
    if points is not None:
        points = points.astype(int)
        for i in range(len(points)):
            cv2.line(image, tuple(points[i][0]), 
                    tuple(points[(i+1) % len(points)][0]),
                    (0, 255, 0), 3)
else:
    print("QR Code not detected")

QRCodeEncoder

QR code encoder for generating QR codes.

Constructor

Use the static create() method.

static Ptr<QRCodeEncoder> create(
    const QRCodeEncoder::Params& parameters = QRCodeEncoder::Params()
)

Enums

EncodeMode

enum EncodeMode {
    MODE_AUTO = -1,
    MODE_NUMERIC = 1,
    MODE_ALPHANUMERIC = 2,
    MODE_BYTE = 4,
    MODE_ECI = 7,
    MODE_KANJI = 8,
    MODE_STRUCTURED_APPEND = 3
}

CorrectionLevel

enum CorrectionLevel {
    CORRECT_LEVEL_L = 0,  // ~7% error correction
    CORRECT_LEVEL_M = 1,  // ~15% error correction
    CORRECT_LEVEL_Q = 2,  // ~25% error correction
    CORRECT_LEVEL_H = 3   // ~30% error correction
}

ECIEncodings

enum ECIEncodings {
    ECI_SHIFT_JIS = 20,
    ECI_UTF8 = 26
}

Params Structure

struct Params {
    int version;                          // QR code version
    CorrectionLevel correction_level;     // Error correction level
    EncodeMode mode;                      // Encoding mode
    int structure_number;                 // Number of QR codes in Structured Append
}

Methods

encode

Generates QR code from input string.

void encode(const String& encoded_info, OutputArray qrcode)

encoded_info

String

Input string to encode

qrcode

OutputArray

Generated QR code image

encodeStructuredAppend

Generates QR code in Structured Append mode, splitting the message over multiple QR codes.

void encodeStructuredAppend(
    const String& encoded_info,
    OutputArrayOfArrays qrcodes
)

encoded_info

String

Input string to encode

qrcodes

OutputArrayOfArrays

Vector of generated QR code images

Example Usage

C++
Python

#include <opencv2/objdetect.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp>

// Create encoder with parameters
cv::QRCodeEncoder::Params params;
params.version = 5;  // or -1 for automatic
params.correction_level = cv::QRCodeEncoder::CORRECT_LEVEL_M;
params.mode = cv::QRCodeEncoder::MODE_BYTE;

auto encoder = cv::QRCodeEncoder::create(params);

// Generate QR code
cv::Mat qrcode;
encoder->encode("https://opencv.org", qrcode);

// Save or display
cv::imwrite("qrcode.png", qrcode);

import cv2

# Create encoder with parameters
params = cv2.QRCodeEncoder_Params()
params.version = 5  # or -1 for automatic
params.correction_level = cv2.QRCodeEncoder_CORRECT_LEVEL_M
params.mode = cv2.QRCodeEncoder_MODE_BYTE

encoder = cv2.QRCodeEncoder.create(params)

# Generate QR code
qrcode = encoder.encode("https://opencv.org")

# Save or display
cv2.imwrite("qrcode.png", qrcode)

BarcodeDetector

Barcode detector and decoder. Inherits from GraphicalCodeDetector.

Constructor

cv::barcode::BarcodeDetector::BarcodeDetector()

cv::barcode::BarcodeDetector::BarcodeDetector(
    const std::string& prototxt_path,
    const std::string& model_path
)

prototxt_path

std::string

Prototxt file path for the super resolution model (optional)

model_path

std::string

Model file path for the super resolution model (optional)

Methods

decodeWithType

Decodes barcode in image once found by detect().

bool decodeWithType(
    InputArray img,
    InputArray points,
    std::vector<std::string>& decoded_info,
    std::vector<std::string>& decoded_type
) const

img

InputArray

Grayscale or color (BGR) image containing barcode

points

InputArray

Vector of rotated rectangle vertices found by detect(). Order: bottomLeft, topLeft, topRight, bottomRight.

decoded_info

std::vector<std::string>&

UTF8-encoded output vector of strings or empty if codes cannot be decoded

decoded_type

std::vector<std::string>&

Vector of strings specifying the type of barcodes (e.g., “EAN_13”, “CODE_128”)

Returns: true if at least one valid barcode is found

detectAndDecodeWithType

Both detects and decodes barcode.

bool detectAndDecodeWithType(
    InputArray img,
    std::vector<std::string>& decoded_info,
    std::vector<std::string>& decoded_type,
    OutputArray points = noArray()
) const

img

InputArray

Grayscale or color (BGR) image containing barcode

decoded_info

std::vector<std::string>&

UTF8-encoded output vector of strings

decoded_type

std::vector<std::string>&

Vector of strings specifying the barcode types

points

OutputArray

Optional output vector of vertices of the found barcode rectangle

Returns: true if at least one valid barcode is found

setDownsamplingThreshold

Sets detector downsampling threshold.

BarcodeDetector& setDownsamplingThreshold(double thresh)

thresh

double

Downsampling limit to apply (default 512). The detect method resizes the input image to this limit if the smallest dimension is greater than the threshold.

Returns: Reference to this BarcodeDetector

getDownsamplingThreshold

Gets detector downsampling threshold.

double getDownsamplingThreshold() const

Returns: Current downsampling threshold

setDetectorScales

Sets detector box filter sizes.

BarcodeDetector& setDetectorScales(const std::vector<float>& sizes)

sizes

std::vector<float>

Box filter sizes relative to minimum dimension of the image (default [0.01, 0.03, 0.06, 0.08])

Filter sizes directly correlate with the expected line widths for a barcode. If the downsampling limit is increased, filter sizes need to be adjusted inversely.

Returns: Reference to this BarcodeDetector

getDetectorScales

Gets detector box filter sizes.

void getDetectorScales(std::vector<float>& sizes) const

sizes

std::vector<float>&

Output parameter for returning the sizes

setGradientThreshold

Sets detector gradient magnitude threshold.

BarcodeDetector& setGradientThreshold(double thresh)

thresh

double

Gradient magnitude threshold (default 64). Values between 16 and 1024 generally work.

Returns: Reference to this BarcodeDetector

getGradientThreshold

Gets detector gradient magnitude threshold.

double getGradientThreshold() const

Returns: Current gradient threshold

Example Usage

C++
Python

#include <opencv2/objdetect/barcode.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc.hpp>
#include <iostream>

// Create barcode detector
cv::barcode::BarcodeDetector detector;

// Optionally adjust parameters
detector.setDownsamplingThreshold(800);
detector.setGradientThreshold(64);

// Detect and decode barcodes
std::vector<std::string> decoded_info;
std::vector<std::string> decoded_type;
std::vector<cv::Point> points;

bool found = detector.detectAndDecodeWithType(
    image, decoded_info, decoded_type, points
);

if (found) {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < decoded_info.size(); i++) {
        std::cout << "Barcode " << i << ": "
                 << decoded_info[i] << " (Type: "
                 << decoded_type[i] << ")" << std::endl;
    }
} else {
    std::cout << "No barcodes detected" << std::endl;
}

import cv2

# Create barcode detector
detector = cv2.barcode.BarcodeDetector()

# Optionally adjust parameters
detector.setDownsamplingThreshold(800)
detector.setGradientThreshold(64)

# Detect and decode barcodes
retval, decoded_info, decoded_type, points = \
    detector.detectAndDecodeWithType(image)

if retval:
    for i, (info, type_) in enumerate(zip(decoded_info, decoded_type)):
        print(f"Barcode {i}: {info} (Type: {type_})")
else:
    print("No barcodes detected")

Supported Barcode Types

The BarcodeDetector supports various 1D and 2D barcode formats:

EAN-8, EAN-13
UPC-A, UPC-E
Code 39, Code 93, Code 128
ITF (Interleaved 2 of 5)
Codabar
QR Code
DataMatrix
PDF417

Core

Image Processing

Video Analysis

Camera Calibration

Object Detection

Deep Learning

Machine Learning

​QR Code and Barcode Detection

​GraphicalCodeDetector

​Methods

​detect

​decode

​detectAndDecode

​detectMulti

​decodeMulti

​detectAndDecodeMulti

​QRCodeDetector

​Constructor

​Methods

​setEpsX

​setEpsY

​setUseAlignmentMarkers

​decodeCurved

​detectAndDecodeCurved

​getEncoding

​Example Usage

​QRCodeEncoder

​Constructor

​Enums

​EncodeMode

​CorrectionLevel

​ECIEncodings

​Params Structure

​Methods

​encode

​encodeStructuredAppend

​Example Usage

​BarcodeDetector

​Constructor

​Methods

​decodeWithType

​detectAndDecodeWithType

​setDownsamplingThreshold

​getDownsamplingThreshold

​setDetectorScales

​getDetectorScales

​setGradientThreshold

​getGradientThreshold

​Example Usage

​Supported Barcode Types

​See Also

QR Code and Barcode Detection

GraphicalCodeDetector

Methods

detect

decode

detectAndDecode

detectMulti

decodeMulti

detectAndDecodeMulti

QRCodeDetector

Constructor

Methods

setEpsX

setEpsY

setUseAlignmentMarkers

decodeCurved

detectAndDecodeCurved

getEncoding

Example Usage

QRCodeEncoder

Constructor

Enums

EncodeMode

CorrectionLevel

ECIEncodings

Params Structure

Methods

encode

encodeStructuredAppend

Example Usage

BarcodeDetector

Constructor

Methods

decodeWithType

detectAndDecodeWithType

setDownsamplingThreshold

getDownsamplingThreshold

setDetectorScales

getDetectorScales

setGradientThreshold

getGradientThreshold

Example Usage

Supported Barcode Types

See Also